Classification of the most popular CNC lathes

Classification of CNC lathes

CNC lathes can be divided into horizontal and vertical types. Horizontal lathe has two kinds of horizontal guide rail and inclined guide rail. CNC sleeper cars with higher grades generally adopt inclined guide rails. According to the number of tool holders, it can be divided into single tool holder CNC lathes and double tool holder CNC lathes. The former is two coordinate control, and the latter is four coordinate control. Most double turret sleeping cars use inclined guide rails

the shape of CNC lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, that is, it is composed of bed, headstock, tool rest, feeding system, pressing system, cooling and lubrication system, etc. The feed system of CNC lathe is qualitatively different from that of ordinary lathe. The traditional ordinary lathe has a feed box and an exchange gear carrier, while the CNC lathe directly uses a servo motor to drive the slide and tool carrier through the ball screw to realize the feed movement, so the feed 1 The structure of industrial manufacturing system is greatly simplified

there are many kinds of CNC lathes with different specifications, which can be classified according to the following methods

classified according to the position of lathe spindle

(1) vertical CNC lathe vertical CNC lathe is referred to as CNC vertical lathe for short. Its lathe spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and a circular workbench with a large diameter is used to clamp workpieces. This kind of machine tool is mainly used to process large and complex parts with large radial size and relatively small axial size

(2) horizontal CNC lathehorizontal CNC lathes also have components for installing load sensors on beams and clamping test pieces. They are also divided into numerical control horizontal guide rail horizontal lathes and numerical control inclined guide rail horizontal lathes. Its inclined guide rail structure can make the lathe more rigid and easy to remove chips

classified according to the basic types of processed parts

(1) chuck type CNC lathes have no tailstock and are suitable for turning disc (including stub shaft) parts. The clamping mode is mostly electric or hydraulic control, and the chuck structure has adjustable claws or non quenched claws (i.e. soft claws)

(2) top CNC lathe this kind of lathe is equipped with ordinary tailstock or CNC tailstock, which is suitable for turning long parts and disc parts with small diameter

classified by the number of tool holders

(1) single tool holder CNC lathes are generally equipped with various forms of single tool holders, such as four position horizontal positioning tool holders or multi position turret automatic positioning tool holders

(2) double turret CNC lathe the double turret configuration of this kind of lathe is distributed in parallel or perpendicular to each other

classified by function

(1) the simple NC lathe formed by the transformation of the feeding system of the ordinary lathe with stepping motor and single chip microcomputer has low cost, but the degree of automation and function are relatively poor, and the turning accuracy is not high. It is suitable for the turning of rotary parts with low requirements

(2) generally, it also adopts servo electromechanical as the power source. The CNC lathe is specially designed in structure according to the turning requirements and is equipped with a general CNC system. The CNC system has strong functions, high automation and machining accuracy, and is suitable for the turning of general rotating parts. This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes at the same time, namely X axis and Z axis

(3) on the basis of the ordinary CNC lathe, the turning center adds the c-axis and power head. The more advanced CNC lathe has a tool magazine, which can control the three coordinate axes of X, Z and C, and the linkage control axis can be (x, z), (x, C) or (Z, c). Due to the addition of c-axis and milling power head, the processing function of this CNC lathe is greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can also be used for radial and axial milling, surface milling, drilling of holes and radial holes whose center line is not in the rotation center of parts,

other classification methods

according to different control methods and other indicators of the CNC system, CNC lathes can be divided into many types, such as linear control CNC lathes, Two spindle control CNC lathes, etc; According to special or special process performance, it can be divided into thread CNC lathe, piston CNC lathe, crankshaft CNC lathe and so on. (end)